How to get Female seeds

[shroomz]

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marijuana flowers

 

Marijuana Is dioeciously : which means each plant normally bears either male or female flowers and is considered either a male or a female plant. Normally about half are male. Marijuana gender is determined some what the same as gender is in humans. Males have an X and a Y sex chromosome; female have two XX chromosomes.

There are many variations on basic theme of exclusively male or female plants.

Occasionally an hermaphrodite that has both male and female flowers on the same plant appears, and many varieties are naturally hermaphroditic.

 

 

The male plant (XY)

 

Male plants are the bane of marijuana growers. They're necessary for breeding and hybridizing, but otherwise there in the way. they take up precious room and there pollen spoils many a good sinsemilla crop. However there a necessary evil for the development and breeding of good marijuana seed stock, and to hybridize and incorporate desirable characteristics from different strains within a single variety. In nature males usually start to flower about two to four weeks before the females but there is of course significant overlap to ensure pollination. Males are not as strongly obligated by the photoperiod for flowering as the females are. Under electric lights males sometimes flower after three or four months, even when the photoperiod is 16 or more hours long. They do, though, respond to a shortened photoperiod by flowering in about 8 to 12 days. Males especially those from temperate climates, sometimes are introduced to flower even under long light regimes.

For example some hemp and indica varieties flower when the photoperiod is shortened from 24 hours to 18 hours of light. The same plants started under 18 hours of light may not flower

Until the light cycle is reduced to 15 hours.

Just prior to flowering male and female plants diverge in their growth patens. You may notice that the tops of the male plants (upper internodes) elongate about a week before the first male flower pods appear. by elongating and ultimately growing taller than their sisters, males ensure that there pollen is released from a high position so that gravity and the wind carry pollen to the females awaiting Below. The male top shoots are thin and sparse, unlike the female tops which thicken and branch at the onset of flowering.

Once the male releases the majority of its pollen, his vigor wanes. He has cast his genetic material to the fate of the wind. The task and cycle for which nature design him is complete, and soon he'll die.

 

Male flowers (XY)

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Male flowers are small oval-shaped pods about a quarter inch long. before opening they may be green yellow or red to purple in color. Individually, the flowers are pale and not striking, but they develop in copious clusters (cymes) concentrated mostly at the top of the plant and on the ends of the branches but. Male flowers look more like familiar flowers than the female flowers do. they have five tiny tepals (somewhat like petals) and 5 pendulous stamens. Pollen develops within the sacs (anthers, which look somewhat like teeny bananas) of the stamens. A line of resin glands forms along the sides of the anther slit, from which the pollen drops. This association lends support to the idea that resin glands may help dissuade insects, animals or microbes from attacking the plant's reproductive parts.

 

 

The female plant (xx)

 

Females start to flower 8 days to 2 weeks after you've shortened the photoperiod. The female flowers are small an insignificant at first, but flowers continually from for 6 to 14 weeks, until they develop into tightly packed, dense clusters (recemes) popularly known as buds or colas (colas more often refers to a dense collection of buds)

Pollen that lands on a stigma grows a germinating tube down to fertilize the ovule. The resin glands, which contain the active ingredient THC, develop on the bracts (modified leaves), which encase or cover the ovule. The resin glands on the bracts are visible with good eyes or a magnifying glass a few weeks after the flower first appears. Some growers call the bracts "calyxes", but bracts is the botanically correct term.

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female flowers (xx)

 

A single female flower consists of 2 small (1/4 to 1/2 inch long) fuzzy white stigmas (some times pink, red or purple) raised in a "V" sign and growing out of a ovule enclosed in a tiny green bract (pod).

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hermaphroditic plants (XY/XX)

 

Some plants are hermaphroditic. Hermaphrodites produce both male and female flowers on the same plant. Thai the other Southeast Asian varieties commonly consist of hermaphroditic plants that form some male flowers among the female buds. some hermaphrodites, particularly Southeast Asian varieties of genetically predetermined, which means that no matter what the environmental influences are, these plants will form both male and female flowers. More common are plants that are basically either female or male plants, but because of an abnormal or unorthodox environment, the plants respond by producing male flowers on a fundamentally female plant, or female flowers on what should be an exclusively male plant.

Often the course of these abnormalities is an erratic, prolonged or abbreviated photoperiod or life cycle. One very common case of these abnormal flowering is when a grower plants a temperate variety, such as Afghani; these temperate varieties normally flower when the daily light is from 13 to 14 hours duration. Growers often turn the light cycle down to only 9 to 10 hours of light. Under this abbreviated photoperiod, female plants quite commonly developed male flowers or, more often, male flower parts on the female buds late in the maturation process: after 8 to 12 weeks of flowering, you may notice male anthers (pollen sacs) protruding from the female buds - it's time to harvest. A few male flower parts won't ruin your crop, (although infertile seeds may develop),

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Producing female seed (xx)

 

To develop seed that will yield exclusively female plants requires some luck and careful observation, but it is simple. Remember that some female plants occasionally bear an isolated male flower (see hermaphroditic plants ). Marijuana plants are normally either female (XX chromosomes) or male (XY chromosomes). Marijuana plants although predisposed genetically to be either male or female, have a degree of latitude that very often is effected by the environment. A plant that should be exclusively female may bear an occasional male flower and vice versa. The pollen from this isolated male flower on a female plant has only X chromosomes, the genes for the female plant. By carefully collecting Pollen from this male flower and pollinating the female flowers (which also carry X chromosomes), all resulting seed will yield prospectively female plants (XX chromosomes)

 

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Things to watch out for

 

The only difficulty to producing female seed is finding an actual source female pollen.

As stated before many Southeast Asian plants characteristically bare some male flowers among mostly female flowering buds. These plants give raise to seed that will reflect their parents; that is, female buds mixed with male flowers. Don't breed these natural hermaphrodites. What you want to find is a rare female plant that develops perhaps one or two male flowers, This plant is genetically female. Carefully collective her Pollen, and fertilize an exclusively female plant; all the resulting seed develop into pure females. the only other certain candidate for female pollen is a female that has flowered well with pure female flowers, but late in life the plant reverses to male flowering. This is not unusual when the plants are left to grow for an extended time, or if there is an erratic photoperiod.

 

Producing female seed with Gibberellic acid (GA)

 

Gibberellic acid is the chemical most commonly available. GA is applied to the growing shoots of the female plants either in diluted spray all by wrapping cotton around the shoots and soaking the cotton with a solution. Concentrations of GA used are 0.02% dissolved in diluted sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and then in distilled water for a daily spray, or 5mg per plant for 10

Successive days using the cotton-soak method. Shoots elongate within a few days at first male flowers appear among the female flowers from 2 to 3 weeks after initial treatment (the treatment works with out being particularly precise with the concentrations of GA)

 

 

ahhh done at last just a little soming i can contribute to the site i thought of putting it in the faq but it's down at the monent but hears a good spot for now (mods feel free to move this post to where it best off)

 

have fun all

from shroomz

Edited March 4, 2006 by shroomz