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Multiple sclerosis as a painful disease.
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Question
Alison Myrden
These are what I live with daily....
Love and a squish,
Alison
xx
Int Rev Neurobiol. 2007;79:303-21.
Kenner M, Menon U, Elliott DG.
Center, Shreveport, Louisiana 71103, USA.
Pain is a common problem of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) and
may be due to central/neuropathic or peripheral/somatic pathology. Rarely MS
may present with pain, or pain may herald an MS exacerbation, such as in
painful tonic spasms or Lhermitte's sign. In other patients, pain may become
chronic as a long-term sequela of damage to nerve root entry zones
(trigeminal neuralgia) or structures in central sensory pathways. Migraine
headache may develop as a consequence of MS, and headache can also be a side
effect of interferon treatment. The pathophysiology of pain in MS may be
linked to certain plaque locations which disrupt the spinothalamic and
quintothalamic pathways, abnormal impulses through motor axons, development
of an acquired channelopathy in affected nerves, or involve glial cell
inflammatory immune mechanisms. At this time, the treatment of pain in MS
employs the use of antiepileptic drugs, muscle relaxers/antispasmodic
agents, anti-inflammatory drugs, and nonpharmacological measures. Research
concerning cannabis-based treatments shows promising results, and substances
which block microglial or astrocytic involvement in pain processing are also
under investigation.
PMID: 17531847 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Curr Drug Targets CNS Neurol Disord. 2004 Dec;3(6):507
Therapeutic potential of cannabinoids in trigeminal neuralgia.
Liang YC, Huang CC, Hsu KS.
Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung
University, Tainan 701, Taiwan.
Trigeminal neuralgia is a disorder of paroxysmal and severely disabling
facial pain and continues to be a real therapeutic challenge to the
clinicians. While the exact cause and pathology of this disorder is
uncertain, it is thought that trigeminal neuralgia caused by irritation of
the trigeminal nerve. This irritation results from damage due to the change
in the blood vessels, the presence of a tumor or other lesions that cause
the compression of the trigeminal root. The pain of trigeminal neuralgia is
characterized by unilateral pain attacks that start abruptly and last for
varying periods of time from minutes to hours. The quality of pain is
usually sharp, stabbing, lancinating, and burning. The attacks are initiated
by mild stimuli such as light touch of the skin, eating, chewing, washing
the face, brushing the teeth, and exposure to wind. Although antiepileptic
drug therapy may be beneficial in the treatment of trigeminal neuralgia, up
to one-half of the patients become refractory or intolerant to these
medications. At present there are few other effective drugs. In cases of
lacking effect after pharmacotherapy, surgical options may be considered.
Currently there is growing amount of evidence to suggest that the
psychoactive ingredient in cannabis and individual cannabinoids may be
effective in alleviating neuropathic pain and hyperalgesia. Evidence
suggests that cannabinoids may prove useful in pain modulation by inhibiting
neuronal transmission in pain pathways. Considering the pronounced
antinociceptive effects produced by cannabinoids, they may be a promising
therapeutic approach for the clinical management of trigeminal neuralgia.
PMID: 15578967 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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